Latin Names: Plants

Strictly speaking, in the case of flowers, fruits and vegetables, these are the scientific names of the plants that produce the items in question. But in quizzes it's customary to be asked "which [flower, fruit or vegetable] has the scientific (or Latin) name ... ?"

Flowers (and decorative plants)

Alcea rosea		(Common) hollyhock
Alchemilla mollis		Lady's mantle
Araucaria araucana		Monkey puzzle or Chile pine tree
Artemisia absinthium		Wormwood
Bellis perennis		Daisy
Calendula		Marigold
Chlorophytum comosum		Spider plant
Convallaria majalis (renowned for its fragrant flowers)		Lily of the Valley
Dianthus caryophyllus		Carnation
Dianthus plumarius		Pink
Dianthus barbatus		Sweet William
Digitalis purpurea		Foxglove
Dionaea muscipula (carnivorous plant, native to the south–eastern USA)		Venus flytrap
Euphorbia pulcherrima		Poinsettia
Ficus elastica		Rubber plant
Galanthus nivialis		Snowdrop
Helianthus annuus		Sunflower
Helleborus niger		Christmas rose
Humulus lupulus (its flowers are not particularly decorative but are widely used commercially)		Hop
Hyacinthoides non-scripta		Bluebell
Impatiens walleriana		Busy Lizzie
Lathyrus odoratus		Sweet pea
Laurus nobilis		Bay laurel (source of bay leaves)
Leotopodium alpinum		Edelweiss
Lonicera periclymenum		Honeysuckle (Woodbine or European)
Monstera deliciosa		Swiss cheese plant
Myosotis (genus)		Forget–me–not (or scorpion grass)
Nepeta cataria		Catmint or catnip
Nigella damascena		Love–in–a–mist
Nymphaea		Water lily
Olea europaea		Olive
Primula vulgaris		Primrose
Primula veris		Cowslip
Ranunculus acris		(Common) buttercup
Ranunculus repens		Creeping buttercup (a.k.a. creeping crowfoot or sitfast)
Ranunculus ficaria		Lesser celandine
Sansevieria trifasciata		Mother–in–law’s tongue
Syringa vulgaris		Lilac
Taraxacum officinale		Dandelion
Urtica dioica		Nettle (stinging)

Trees and Shrubs

Acer pseudoplatanus		Sycamore or sycamore maple
Acer rubrum		Red maple
Aesculus hippocastanum		Horse chestnut
Araucaria araucana		Monkey puzzle or Chile Pine
Betula pendula		Silver birch
Camellia sinensis		Tea
Castanea sativa		Sweet chestnut
Cotinus		Smoke trees
Fagus sylvatica		Beech (European)
Fraxinus excelsior		Ash (European)
Gossypium		Cotton plant
Hedera helix		Ivy (common or English)
Ilex aquifolium		Holly (European)
Juglans regis		Walnut
Larix decidua		(European) Larch
Laurus nobilis		Bay laurel or Sweet bay
Ligustrum vulgare, Ligustrum ovalifolium (and other members of the genus)		Privet
Liriodendron		Tulip tree
Nicotiana tabacum		Tobacco
Olea europaea		Olive
Picea abies		Norway spruce
Quercus robur		Oak (English)
Salix babylonica		Weeping willow
Sambucus (but not used to make sambuca!)		Elder
Sorbus aucuparia		Rowan or mountain ash
Taxus baccata		Yew
Tilia (genus)		Lime tree
Ulmus procera		Elm (English)
Viscum album		Mistletoe
Yucca brevifolia		Joshua tree

Fruits

Ananas comosus		Pineapple
Citrus paradisi		Grapefruit
Citrus reticulata		Mandarin, satsuma, tangerine
Ficus carica		Fig
Fragaria x ananassa (the x means it's a hybrid)		Strawberry
Malus domestica (a.k.a. Malus pumila)		Apple
Musa acuminata		(Cavendish) banana
Prunus armeniaca		Apricot
Prunus domestica		Damson
Prunus lusitanica (a species of cherry, rarely eaten)		Portuguese laurel
Prunus persica		Peach
Punica granatum		Pomegranate
Ribes nigrum		Blackcurrant
Ribes uva–crispa, Ribes grossularia, or Ribes hirtellum		Gooseberry
Solanum lycopersicum (synonym Lycopersicum esculentum)		Tomato

Vegetables

Allium cepa		Onion
Allium sativum		Garlic
Allium schoenoprasum (SHERN–o–pra–zum)		Chive
Amoracia rusticana		Horseradish
Beta vulgaris		Beetroot
Brassica oleracca		Cabbage
Brassica rapa		Turnip
Nasturtium officinale		Watercress
Oryza sativa (Asian) or oryza glaberrima (African)		Rice
Petroselinum crispum		Parsley
Pisum sativum		Pea
Salvia officianalis		Sage
Solanum tuberosum		Potato

Miscellaneous

Amanita muscaria		Fly agaric (a.k.a. fly amanita)
Serpula lacrymans		Dry rot